For a more complete list of satellites, see
http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~pls/astronomy/spacecraft.html

Some of the more important astronomy satellites:

N=NASA
E=ESA

approximate wavelengths:
X-ray:      0.1-3 nm (nanometers)
UV:        90-300 nm
optical:  300-1000 nm
near-IR:  1000-2500 nm / 1.0-2.5 microns
mid-IR:    2.5-15 microns
far-IR:    15-300 microns / 0.015-0.3 mm
microwave: 0.3-1 mm 

Acronym/   Full name                              years or
short name                                        launch    wavelength, observing mode, sponsoring agency/country

PAST SATELLITES
FUSE       Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer 1999-2008 UV spectroscopy NASA/France
IUE        International Ultraviolet Explorer     1979-1997 UV spectroscopy NASA/ESA
Hipparcos                                         1989-1993 (optical) astrometry: distances for 100,000 stars, and positions for 2.5 million ESA
IRAS       Infrared Astronomical Satellite        1983-1983 mid-far IR imaging NASA
COBE       Cosmic Background Explorer             1989-1993 cosmic microwave background NASA

CURRENT SATELLLITES
CXRO       Chandra X-ray Observatory              1999-present X-ray imaging/spectroscopy NASA
XMM-Newton X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission             1999-present X-ray imaging/spectroscopy ESA
GALEX      Galaxy Evolution Explorer              2003-present  UV imaging NASA/France/South Korea
HST        Hubble Space Telescope                 1990-present  UV-optical-near IR imaging/spectroscopy NASA/ESA
Spitzer    Spitzer Space Infrared Telescope       2003-present near-mid IR imaging/spectroscopy NASA
WMAP       Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe   2001-present cosmic microwave background NASA

FUTURE SATELLITES
Herschel                                          April 2009   mid to far-IR imaging/spectroscopy ESA
Planck                                            April 2009   cosmic microwave background ESA
JWST       James Webb Space Telescope             2013         near to mid-IR imaging/spectroscopy NASA/ESA